I’d recommend “A letter to Jamie Dimon” — it’s a longer post, but has a wonderful, more detailed explanation of the blockchain/”Decentralized Application” mechanism without getting too technical. Nothing beats getting it from the horse’s mouth so I would also recommend googling the original Bitcoin whitepaper, which is actually a short read albeit much more technical. Things have evolved since then as well— alternative solutions/paradigm shifts and extensions etc. to solving the problem you describe but the above should be a good start. Enjoy the rabbit hole!